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A

Amulets, Talismans, Charms
Angel/Angels

Amulets



The usage of amulets seems universal stemming from the human desire for protection. The existence seems to extend from the cave dwellers to the present. As objects they come and go with fashion, taking on different designs and shapes, but their purpose remains the same. No matter how civilized a culture may be, the amulets are present.

An amulet is a small object with the power to protect the wearer against misfortune. It is usually worn around the neck. Objects used to make amulets are thought to have special abilities and include part of the human or animal body, roots, seeds, precious stones and metals, coins, or religious symbols. Most often a stone or piece of metal is used, usually with an inscription or figures engraved on it. Popular amulets are the four-leaf clover and the cross. A talisman stimulates the positive, while the amulet protects against the negative.

A different kind of amulet is the written amulet. The holy word or sentence is powerful when spoken, but also when written. In some cases even more powerful because it works automatically and permanently. It was generally believed that the more mysterious the writing (i.e. obscure symbols, strange languages) the more powerful the amulet was supposed to be. The bindrune is another popular form of amulet, in which several runes were brought together into one "super-rune", which was supposed to have much greater magic powers than the runes separately.

The use of amulets is very old. The ancients Egyptians wore them, and so did the Greeks, where it was called phylakterion. In primitive and ancient cultures, the amulet was thought to be protection against both natural and unnatural misfortunes like diseases, snake-bites, the evil eye, demons, wizardry, etc. The popularity of amulets was great amongst Christians. So great even, that in 721 the Christian church forbade the making and wearing of them completely. Throughout the Middle East the practice of wearing amulets is almost universal.

The term amulet is derived from either the Latin word amuletum or the old atin term amoletum which means, "means of defense." Pliny, the Roman naturalist, described three types of amulets: those which offered protection against trouble and adversity; those which provided a medical or prophylatic treatment; and substances used as medicine.

Among ancient cultures such as the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Arabs, and Hebrews great importance was placed on the use of amulets. The Egyptians employed them everywhere. The frog protected fertility; ankhs symbolized everlasting life and generation; the udjat, or eye, was for good health, comfort, and protection against evil; the scarab beetle was for resurrection after death and protection against evil magic. One of the most notable amulets of ancient Egypt is the Eye of Horus.

Cylinder seals were used as amulets by the Assyrians and Babylonians. Within them were embedded semiprecious and precious stones; each stone supposedly possessed its own unique magical powers. There were various animal shaped amulets; such as, the ram for virility; and the bull for virility and strength.

The Arabs, too, had amulets protecting them against evil. Small sacks containing dust from tombs were worn. They also wore pieces of paper on which were written prayers, spells, magical names or the powerful attributes of God such as "the compassionate" and "the forgiver."

The Hebrews wore crescent moons to ward off the evil eye and they attached bells to their garments to ward off evil spirits.

In Africa the natives were discovered having amulets too which the Western explorers and missionaries called fetishes. The fetish symbolized protection to the natives.

Historically the two most universal symbols of amulets have been the eye and the phallic symbols. Eyes are thought to protect against evil spirits and are found on tombs, walls, utensils, and jewelry. The phallic symbol, represented by horns and hands, is protection against the evil eye.

The names of God and magical words and numbers have generally been thought to provide protection and fashioned into amulets. These methods of gaining protection extend back to antiquity and were extremely popular during the Renaissance to the early 19th century. Accompanying these were the grimoires, books of magical instruction written for and by magicians. In magic, using the name of a deity is the same as drawing down divine power. This is the reason why portions of grimoires resemble prayer books.

The Tetragrammation, the Hebrew personal name for God- -YHWH and pronounced Yahweh"- - , is believed to be very powerful in magic operations and has been fashioned into amulets by different spellings. It is believed to help magicians in conjuring up demons and give him protections from negative spirits.

The SATOR square (see Magic Squares) has also been fashioned into amulets. Throughout the centuries attempts have been made to decipher the squire but it still remains unintelligible. It was discovered on walls and vassals of ancient Rome. In amulet form it is considered to be protection against sorcery, poisonous air, colic, pestilence, and for protecting cow's milk against witchcraft.

Most all cultures hold the belief that sacred religious books such as the Koran, Torah, and Bible possess protective powers. Bits of parchment containing quotes from these books are carried in leather pouches, silver boxes, or like containers as amulets. Ancient pagans wore figurines of their gods as amulets. The remnant of this custom is still seen in the Catholic religion where some members still wear scapulars and medals of the saints.

Many pagans and witches presently wear jewelry fashioned in amuletic designs with their protective purpose in mind.

Sources: 4. 9.

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Angel/Angels



An immortal being who lives in the spirit world and serves as an intermediary between God and humanity. The word "angel" is derived from the Greek angelos and the Latin angelus, which means "messenger." In religion angels belong to the class of beings known as demons; they may be either friendly or hostile to humankind.

Sources: 9.

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C

Candles, Colors and Magickal Uses
Celtic Gods and Goddesses
Celtic Trees
Chakra/Chakras
Channeling
Chinese Art Symbols


Candles, Colors and Magickal Uses



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Celtic Gods and Goddesses



AGRICULTURE

    Brigit, White Lady, Epona, Lugh, Bel, The Horned God, Ameathon.

ANIMALS

    Epona, Rhiannon, Brigantia, Cerridwen, Cernunnos, Bel, Herne, Bran the Blessed,The Horned God, Nuada, Anu, Manannan mac Lir.

ARTS & CRAFTS

    Brigit, Cerridwen, the Dagda, Lugh, Ogma, Taliesin, Merlin, Bran the Blessed, Manannan mac Lir.

BEAUTY

    Arianrhod, Branwyn, Creiddylad, Nuada, Angus mac Og.

BLESSINGS

    Danu, Badb.

CALM

    Rhiannon, Branwyn, Creiddylad, Arianrhod, Anu.

CREATOR GOD/DESS

    Arianrhod, Dan, the Dagda.

CRONE ASPECT

    Morgan Le Fay, Cerridwen, Macha.

DEATH

    Morrigu, Creiddylad, Cerridwen, White Lady, Arawn, Gwynn ap Nudd, the Dagda, Ogma, Pwyll, Anu, Caillech, Don, Macha.

DIVINATION

    Brigit, Taliesin, Merlin.

EARTH GOD/DESS

    Cerridwen, Blodeuwedd, Creiddylad, the Dagda, Cernunnos, Anu, Tailtiu.

ENCHANTMENTS

    Brigit, Cerridwen, Morrigu, Rhiannon, Banba, Gwydion, Math Mathonwy, Merlin, Taliesin, Nuada.

FERTILITY

    Arianrhod, Brigit, Cerridwen, Brigantia, Macha, Herne, Cernunnos, Bel, Epona, Manannan mac Lir, the Horned God, Anu, Rhiannon.

FIRE

    Brigit, Merlin, the Dagda, Bel.

GREAT GOD/DESS

    Cerridwen, Danu, Macha, Morrigu, Brigit, Anu, Bel, Rhiannon, the Dagda, Badb.

HEALING

    Brigit, Cernunnos, Bel, Lugh, Merlin, Taliesin, Gwydion, the Dagda, Nuada, Epona.

HORSES

    Epona, Rhiannon, Manannan mac Lir.

HUNTER/HUNTRESS

    Morrigu, Cernunnos, Herne the Hunter, Epona, Nicneven.

KNOWLEDGE

    Brigit, the Dagda, Taliesin, Merlin, Cerridwen, Taranis.

LOVE

    Branwyn, Brigit, Mab, Creiddylad, Angus mac Og.

MAGIC

    Morrigu, Rhiannon, Cerridwen, Brigit, Danu, Banba, Lugh, the Dagda, Gwydion, Ogma, Manannan mac Lir, Math Mathonwy, Taliesin, Merlin, Nuada, Taranis.

MOON

    Morrigu, Danu, Brigit, Mab, Blodeuwedd, Cerridwen, Cernunnos, Herne, Arianrhod, Nimue.

MOTHER GODDESS

    Danu, Epona, Macha, Anu.

MOTHERHOOD

    Brigit, Epona.

MUSIC

    Rhiannon, Curnunnos, Lugh, Ogma, Taliesin, the Dagda, Bran the Blessed, Nuada.

PSYCHIC ABILITIES

    Brigit, Morrigu, Merlin, Taliesin, Cerridwen, Cernunnos, the Dagda.

REINCARNATION

    The Dagda, Manannan mac Lir, Cernunnos, Ogma, Arianrhod, Cerridwen.

SORCERER/SORCERESS

    Danu, Gwydion, Manannan mac Lir, Math Mathonwy, Nuada, Merlin, Taliesin, Lugh, Cerridwen.

SPELLS

    Brigit, Merlin, Nuada, Ogma, Gwydion, Taliesin, Cerridwen.

SUN

    Bel, the Dagda, Lugh, Bran the Blessed.

THE UNDERWORLD

    Arawn, Pwyll, Gwynn ap Nudd, Don, the White Lady, Cerridwen, Llyr, Rhiannon.

WITCHCRAFT

    Morrigu, Brigit, Nicneven, Cerridwen

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Celtic Trees



Find your birthday and then find your tree. Somewhat accurate, also in line with Celtic astrology.

  • Jan 01 to Jan 11 - Fir Tree
  • Jan 12 to Jan 24 - Elm Tree
  • Jan 25 to Feb 03 - Cypress Tree
  • Feb 04 to Feb 08 - Poplar Tree
  • Feb 09 to Feb 18 - Cedar Tree
  • Feb 19 to Feb 28 - Pine Tree
  • Mar 01 to Mar 10 - Weeping Willow Tree
  • Mar 11 to Mar 20 - Lime Tree
  • Mar 21 - Oak Tree
  • Mar 22 to Mar 31 - Hazelnut Tree
  • Apr 01 to Apr 10 - Rowan Tree
  • Apr 11 to Apr 20 - Maple Tree
  • Apr 21 to Apr 30 - Walnut Tree
  • May 01 to May 14 - Poplar Tree
  • May 15 to May 24 - Chestnut Tree
  • May 25 to Jun 03 - Ash Tree
  • Jun 04 to Jun 13 - Hornbeam Tree
  • Jun 14 to Jun 23 - Fig Tree
  • Jun 24 - Birch Tree
  • Jun 25 to Jul 04 - Apple Tree
  • Jul 05 to Jul 14 - Fir Tree
  • Jul 15 to Jul 25 - Elm Tree
  • Jul 26 to Aug 04 - Cypress Tree
  • Aug 05 to Aug 13 - Poplar Tree
  • Aug 14 to Aug 23 - Cedar Tree
  • Aug 24 to Sep 02 - Pine Tree
  • Sep 03 to Sep 12 - Weeping Willow Tree
  • Sep 13 to Sep 22 - Lime Tree
  • Sep 23 - Olive Tree
  • Sep 24 to Oct 03 - Hazelnut Tree
  • Oct 04 to Oct 13 - Rowan Tree
  • Oct 14 to Oct 23 - Maple Tree
  • Oct 24 to Nov 11 - Walnut Tree
  • Nov 12 to Nov 21 - Chestnut Tree
  • Nov 22 to Dec 01 - Ash Tree
  • Dec 02 to Dec 11 - Hornbeam Tree
  • Dec 12 to Dec 21 - Fig Tree
  • Dec 22 - Beech Tree
  • Dec 23 to Dec 31 - Apple Tree

    APPLE TREE (the Love) - of slight build, lots of charm, appeal and attraction, pleasant aura, flirtatious, adventurous, sensitive, always in love, wants to love and be loved, faithful and tender partner, very generous, scientific talents, lives for today, a carefree philosopher with imagination.

    ASH TREE (the Ambition) - uncommonly attractive, vivacious, impulsive, demanding, does not care for criticism, ambitious, intelligent, talented, likes to play with fate, can be egotistic, very reliable and trustworthy, faithful and prudent lover, sometimes brains rule over the heart, but takes partnership very seriously.

    BEECH TREE (the Creative) - has good taste, concerned about its looks, materialistic, good organization of life and career, economical, good leader, takes no unnecessary risks, reasonable, splendid lifetime companion, keen on keeping fit (diets, sports,etc.)

    BIRCH TREE (the inspiration) - vivacious, attractive, elegant, friendly, unpretentious, modest, does not like anything in excess, abhors the vulgar, loves life in nature and in calm, not very passionate, full of imagination, little ambition, creates a calm and content atmosphere.

    CEDAR TREE (the Confidence) - of rare beauty, knows how to adapt, likes luxury, of good health, not in the least shy, tends to look down on others, self-confident, determined, impatient, likes to impress others, many talents, industrious, healthy optimism, waiting for the one true love, able to make quick decisions.

    CHESTNUT TREE (the Honesty) - of unusual beauty, does not want to impress, well-developed sense of justice, vivacious, interested, a born diplomat, but irritates easily and sensitive in company, often due to a lack of self confidence, acts sometimes superior, feels not understood loves only once, has difficulties in finding a partner.

    CYPRESS TREE (the Faithfulness) - strong, muscular, adaptable, takes what life has to give, content, optimistic, craves money and acknowledgment, hates loneliness, passionate lover which cannot be satisfied, faithful, quick-tempered, unruly, pedantic, and careless.

    ELM TREE (the Noble-mindedness) - pleasant shape, tasteful clothes, modest demands, tends not to forgive mistakes, cheerful, likes to lead but not to obey, honest and faithful partner, likes making decisions for others, noble-minded, generous, good sense of humor, practical.

    FIG TREE (the Sensibility) - very strong, a bit self-willed, independent, does not allow contradiction or arguments, loves life, its family, children and animals, a bit of a social butterfly, good sense of humor, likes idleness and laziness, of practical talent and intelligence.

    FIR TREE (the Mysterious) - extraordinary taste, dignity, sophisticated, loves anything beautiful, moody, stubborn, tends to egoism but cares for those close to them, rather modest, very ambitious, talented, industrious, uncontented lover, many friends, many foes, very reliable.

    HAZELNUT TREE (the Extraordinary) - charming, undemanding, very understanding, knows how to make an impression, active fighter for social cause, popular, moody, and capricious lover, honest, and tolerant partner, precise sense of judgment.

    HORNBEAM TREE (the Good Taste) - of cool beauty, cares for its looks and condition, good taste, is not egoistic, makes life as comfortable as possible, leads a reasonable and disciplined life, looks for kindness and acknowledgement in an emotional partner, dreams of unusual lovers, is seldom happy with its feelings, mistrusts most people, is never sure of its decisions, very conscientious.

    LIME TREE (the Doubt) - accepts what life dishes out in a composed way, hates fighting, stress, and labor, dislikes laziness and idleness, soft and relenting, makes sacrifices for friends, many talents but not tenacious enough to make them blossom, often wailing and complaining, very jealous but loyal.

    MAPLE TREE (Independence of Mind) - no ordinary person, full of imagination and originality, shy and reserved, ambitious, proud, self-confident, hungers for new experiences, sometimes nervous, has many complexities, good memory, learns easily, complicated love life, wants to impress.

    OAK TREE (the Brave) - robust nature, courageous, strong, unrelenting, independent, sensible, does not like change, keeps its feet on the ground, person of action.

    OLIVE TREE (the Wisdom) - loves sun, warmth and kind feelings, reasonable, balanced, avoids aggression and violence, tolerant, cheerful, calm, well-developed sense of justice, sensitive, empathetic, free of jealousy, loves to read and the company of sophisticated people.

    PINE TREE (the Particular) - loves agreeable company, very robust, knows how to make life comfortable, very active, natural, good companion, but seldom friendly, falls easily in love but its passion burns out quickly, gives up easily, everything disappointments until it finds its ideal, trustworthy, practical.

    POPLAR TREE (the Uncertainty) - looks very decorative, not very self-confident, only courageous if necessary, needs goodwill and pleasant surroundings, very choosy, often lonely, great animosity, artistic nature, good organizer, tends to lean toward philosophy, reliable in any situation, takes partnership seriously.

    ROWAN TREE (the Sensitivity) - full of charm, cheerful, gifted without egoism, likes to draw attention, loves life, motion, unrest, and even complications, is both dependent and independent, good taste, artistic, passionate, emotional, good company, does not forgive.

    WALNUT TREE (the Passion) - unrelenting, strange and full of contrasts, often egotistic, aggressive, noble, broad horizon, unexpected reactions, spontaneous, unlimited ambition, no flexibility, difficult and uncommon partner, not always liked but often admired, ingenious strategist, very jealous and passionate, no compromise.

    WEEPING WILLOW (the Melancholy) - beautiful but full of melancholy, attractive, very empathetic, loves anything beautiful and tasteful, loves to travel, dreamer, restless, capricious, honest, can be influenced but is not easy to live with, demanding, good intuition, suffers in love but finds sometimes an anchoring partner.

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    Chakra/Chakras



    In yoga vortices that penetrate the body and the body's aura, through which various energies, including the universal life force, are received, transformed and distributed. Chakras are believed to play a vital role in physical, mental and emotional health and in spiritual development. They are invisible to ordinary sight but may be perceived clairvoyantly. Some people say they can activate the chakras to whirl faster and can direct the flow of energy through them.

    Chakras is Sanskrit for "wheel." Chakras are said to be shaped like multicolored lotus petals or spoked wheels that whirl at various speeds at they process energy.

    The seven major etheric chakras are:

  • The Root
  • The Sacral
  • The Solar Plexus
  • The Heart
  • The Throat
  • The Brow
  • The Crown

    The Root:
    Located at the base of the spine and is the seat of
    Kundalini.

    The Sacral:
    Lies near the genitals and governs sexuality and reproduction. It has six spokes and is primarily red.

    The Solar Plexus:
    Rests just above the navel. It has ten spokes and is predominantly green and light red. It is associated with emotions and is the point where astral energy enters the etheric field.

    The Heart (Anahata):
    Has twelve glowing golden petals and is located midway between the shoulder blades, in the center of the chest. It governs the thymus gland and influences immunity to disease. It is linked to higher consciousness and unconditional love.

    The Throat (Visuddha):
    Is a sixteen-spoke wheel of silvery blue that is associated with creativity and self-expression and the search for truth. It is prominent in musicians, singers, composers and public speakers.

    The Brow (Ajna):
    Located between the eyebrows, is called the third eye for its influence over psychic sense and spiritual enlightenment. It has ninety-six spokes, half of which radiate a yellow-rose color and half of which radiate blue and purple. This chakras is associated with the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, intelligence, intuition and psychic powers called Siddhis in Hindu yoga.

    The Crown (Sahasrara):
    Which just above the top of the head. Its 972 spokes radiate a glowing purple, the most spiritual of colors. It is not associated with any glands, but reveals the individual's level of conscious evolution. The crown cannot be activated until all the other chakras are refined and balanced.

    Sources: 9.

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    Channeling



    A form of mediumship in which information is communicated from a source perceived to be different from the conscious self. Sources are identified variously as nonphysical beings, angels, nature spirits, totem or guardian spirits, deities, demons, extraterrestrials, spirits of the dead and the Higher Self. Channeling is done is a dissociated or altered state of consciousness. As mediumship it has existed in virtually all cultures throughout history and has gone through cycles of acceptance and rejection.

    Sources: 9.

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    Chinese Art Symbols



    Although many diverse cultures have carved jade, it is really the Chinese who have raised it to the level of an art. Most pieces follow classical patterns and motifs; we list some of the more common symbols and a brief summary of meaning.

    • Apple (apple blossom): feminine beauty. A basket of apples symbolizes peace.
    • Apricot: emblem of the 'fair sex'
    • Almond: see apricot
    • Archer's ring: scholarship and prestige
    • Axe: symbolic of the marriage go-between
    • Bamboo: longevity, hardiness, durability
    • Bat: good fortune
    • Bear: bravery and strength; a potent charm against robbers
    • Bee: industry and thrift
    • Bell: respect, veneration and obedience to one's superiors
    • Broom: insight, wisdom; the 'sweeping away' of worries
    • Buddha Hand (citron plant): wealth, or its acquisition
    • Butterfly: immortality
    • Carp: perseverance; also, as "dragon of the sea", watchfulness
    • Cat: protector against evil spirits of the night. (Double cats are symbolic of conjugal bliss.)
    • Chrysanthemum: joviality; a life of ease after retirement
    • Cicada: immortality and resurrection; conductor to the next life
    • Coin: prosperity, wealth
    • Conch shell: a prosperous voyage; a symbol of royalty
    • Crane: longevity and old age; conveyor of souls to the heavens
    • Cricket: emblematic of courage; a symbol of summer
    • Crow: red or golden: filial piety; black (raven) is an omen of evil
    • Cherry: as a tree: hardiness; as a fruit: feminine beauty
    • Deer: long life (and a homonym for "payment")
    • Dog: fidelity
    • Dog of "Fo" (actually a form of lion): energy and valor; protector
    • Dove (or pigeon): faithfulness, filial duty; impartiality
    • Dragon: emperor; strength; yang principal; lord of aquatic creatures
    • Duck: felicity; conjugal fidelity (also double duck: connubial bliss)
    • Eagle, Falcon: boldness, keen vision; authority
    • Eight trigrams: forces of nature (I Ching)
    • Elephant: strength, sagacity and wisdom
    • Fire: danger, speed, anger and ferocity
    • Fish: abundance, fertility; (Double fish: connubial bliss, harmony)
    • Flywhisk: leadership, mercy
    • Fox: craftiness, cunning, "mischief" in love affairs
    • Frog: good fortune in gambling or money-making. The Three-Legged Frog symbolizes 'magic' or the 'unattainable'.
    • Fungus (or mushroom): longevity or immortality
    • Goat (also sheep): emblem of a retired life
    • Gourd: magic
    • Heart: one of the five centers of emotional feelings; cycle of love
    • Horse: speed and perseverance
    • Hydra (or split-tailed dragons): young dragons; playfulness
    • Ju-I: a "scepter" symbolic of Buddhist principals; a guide
    • Key pattern (meander): thunder and clouds
    • Kwan Yin or Quan Yin(Lady of Mercy): mercy, compassion
    • Knot: longevity, true love, "wheel" of life
    • Leaf: emblem of felicity
    • Lion: valor and energy (see "Dog of Fo")
    • Lotus: purity, enlightenment
    • Lohan: Buddhist ascetic
    • Lute: one of the four signs of a scholar; a symbol of marital happiness
    • Monkey: trickery; warder off of evil spirits
    • Moon: darkness, yin principal
    • Ox (cow): spring; agriculture
    • Palm: retired life
    • Peach: longevity
    • Pear: wise and benevolent government
    • Pearl: purity, feminine beauty
    • Pi (perforated disc): power and authority; early pagan symbol of sun
    • Pig: protector of wealth
    • Pine: longevity, hardiness
    • Phoenix empress; the yang principle
    • Plum (prunus): longevity, hardiness. Pine, prunus and bamboo are known as the "three friends" because they stay green in the winter. Often shown together, all three symbolize longevity and vitality.
    • Pomegranate: fertility
    • Quail: courage, pugnacity
    • Rat: industry and prosperity
    • Rice grains: fecundity; good harvest
    • Sheep: emblem of a retired life
    • Stork (usually depicted with pine): longevity
    • Spider: protector against evil spirits
    • Sun: essence of the male principal in nature
    • Tael: Chinese unit of gold weight; symbolic of wealth or its aquisition
    • Tiger: courage, dignity, military power (lord of all land creatures)
    • Tortoise: longevity, strength, endurance
    • Umbrella: dignity, high rank
    • Unicorn: grandeur, illustrious offspring, wise government, longevity
    • Willow: meekness, spring; maidenhood
    • Yin-yang: the Chinese principal of cosmic duality

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    Gryphons- The Gryphon is a composite creature, made up of the Eagle (the King of the Sky) and the Lion (the King of Beasts). Gryphons appear in the mythology of many ancient cultures, as well as being a popular charge in European heraldry. Often, the gryphon is a symbol of strength and pride. One legend tells us that Alexander the Great once tried to ride to the edge of the sky on the backs of gryphons. There are many alternate spellings for gryphon. Griffin and griphon are two of the most common. Unicorns- The Unicorn has long captured the imagination as a symbol of purity and chastity. In Medieval times, it was also called the Monoceros. The Unicorn is attracted to a virgin by her purity and scent. It can be caught when it lays its head in her lap. Unicorn horns were worth their weight in gold since they could reverse the effects of poison. When a Unicorn finds a poisoned well or fountain, he purifies it by dipping his horn in it, or by making the sign of the Cross above the water with his horn. Mermaids- The mermaid has the upper half of a young woman's body, yet her hindquarters are those of a fish. She is an animal, in no way human, and she has no soul. She is vain, and can often be found combing her hair while gazing at herself in a glass. The Mermaid embodies feminine vice. Gargoyles- Since medieval times, gargoyles have leered down from the rooftops of the great cathedrals. Their faces are sometimes fierce, sometimes comical, but these stone demons were never simply decorative. In fact, gargoyles served a dual purpose. Channels were cut into the stone, providing a spout for rain to drain through. Frequently, the gargoyles were carved so that the rain drained from their open mouths. The words (gargle+ and (gurgle+ both derive from the same roots as the word (gargoyle+. The gargoyles second function was to drive away evil spirits with their hideous visages, protecting the building and all who entered therein. Stag- Stags never become feverish, and eating a Stag's marrow will cure a fever. Some say that eating venison will ensure immortality. When a Stag become ill, he kills a serpent and eats it, because the poison is healing to them. Burning a stag's horn will keep snakes away.

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    L

    Labrys
    Lambda


    Labrys



    The labrys is a double-sided hatchet or axe commonly used in ancient European, African, and Asian matriarchical societies as both a weapon and a harvesting tool. Greek artwork depicts the amazon armies of Europe wielding labrys weapons. Amazons ruled with a dual-queen system in which one queen was in charge of the army and battle, and the other queen stayed behind to administer the conquered cities. Amazons were known to be ferocious and merciless in battle, but once victorious they ruled with justice. Today, the labrys is a lesbian and feminist symbol of strength and self-sufficiency.

    In addition, the labrys also played a part in ancient mythology. Demeter, the goddess of the earth, used a labrys as her sceptor.

    Sources: 2.

    Lambda



    The lambda symbol seems to be one of the most controversial of symbols in regards to its meaning. There are several differing opinions as to why the lambda was chosen as a gay symbol and what it really means. However, most sources agree on a few things:

  • The lambda was first chosen as a gay symbol when it was adopted in 1970 by the New York Gay Activists Alliance. It became the symbol of their growing movement of gay liberation.

  • In 1974, the lambda was subsequently adopted by the International Gay Rights Congress held in Edinburgh, Scotland. As their symbol for lesbian and gay rights, the lambda became internationally popular.

    But where history ends, speculation begins. No one seems to have a definitive answer why the lambda was originally chosen as a gay symbol. Some suggest that it is simply the Greek lower-case letter i for liberation. Others disagree, citing the use of lambda in physics to denote energy (the energy we have when we work in concert) or wavelength (are gays and lesbians on a different wavelength?).

    Lambda may also denote the synergy of the gay movement, the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The lambda also may represent scales and balance, and the constant force that keeps opposing sides from overcoming each other -- the hook at the bottom of the right leg signifies the action needed to reach and maintain balance.

    The ancient Greek Spartans regarded the lambda to mean unity, while the Romans considered it "the light of knowledge shed into the darkness of ignorance." Reportedly, Ancient Greeks placed the lambda on shields of Spartan warriors, who were often paired off with younger men in battle. (There was a theory that warriors would fight more feircely knowing that their lovers were both watching and fighting alongside them)

    Sources: 2.

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    M

    Magic
    Magic Squares
    Magick
    Mirror


    Magic



    The ability to effect change in accordance with one's will and by invoking the supernatural. The change is accomplished through ritual, in which cosmos powers, supernatural forces, deities or other non-physical beings, or the forces of nature are invoked and made subservient to the will of the magician. Magic has existed universally since ancient times. The forms of magic range from low sorcery, or spell casting, to high or ceremonial magic, which is a Western mystical path to God. All forms of magic traditionally are secret arts taught only to initiates.

    The term "magic" derives from the Greek megus, meaning "great." Magic is often called "white," "black," or "gray," for good, evil, or neutral; yet magic itself is amoral - it is the magician's intent that is good or evil.

    Sources: 9.

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    Magic Squares



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    Magick



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    Mirror



    A gateway to magic, the supernatural, the soul and the mysteries of the universe. Since ancient times, mirrors - as well as all smooth, reflective surfaces - have been used for divination, magic and repelling evil; they have also been greatly feared for their power to steal the soul. In recent times mirrors have been used as tools in psychic development and to increase clairvoyance and gain knowledge of so-called past lives.

    The precursor to the mirror is the body of still water in a lake, pond, pool or bowl. The ancient Romans believed mirrors originated in Persia, where they were used by the magi for divination. The Romans, Greeks and Egyptians used mirrors made of bronze or silver; the Chinese and Hindu also used metals. Glass mirrors were introduced in the thirteenth century in Venice, but metal mirrors and polished surfaces have continued to be used throughout the centuries.

    Divination with mirrors is called crystallomancy, catoptromancy and scrying. The ancient witches of Thessaly are said to have written their oracles upon mirrors with human blood.

    Sources: 9.

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    P

    Psychometry

    Psychometry



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    R

    Runes - Magical Uses and Divinatory Meanings

    Runes



    Divinatory Meanings and Magical Uses of the Runes:

    ALGIZ: Protection

  • Divinatory Meanings: Protection, assistance, defense, warning, support, an ethical dilema.
  • Magical Uses: For protection

    ANSUZ: Odin

  • Divinatory Meanings: Authority figure, transformer, entering a new phase in one's life, leader, mind and body balalnce, justice, shaman, clairvoyant.
  • Magical Uses: For wise decisions, success, leadership, to help in divination and magic

    BERKANA: Birch

  • Divinatory Meanings: Fertility, health, new beginnings, growth, conception, plenty clearance.
  • Magical Uses: Healing, achieving conception, making a fresh start

    DAGAZ: Day

  • Divinatory Meanings: Happiness, polarity, success, activity, a fulfilling lifestyle, satisfaction.
  • Magical Uses: To bring a positive outcome.

    EHWAZ: Horse

  • Divinatory Meanings: Transportation, transition, motion, assistance, energy, power, communication, will, recklessness.
  • Magical Uses: Power, aiding in communication, transporation; to 'send' a spell.

    EIHWAZ: Yew

  • Divinatory Meanings: Change, initiation, defense, confrontation of fears, turning point, death, transformation.
  • Magical Uses: To bring about profound change, to ease a life transition.

    FEHU: Cattle

  • Divinatory Meanings: Prosperity, money, fulfillment, wealth, concern with physical and financial needs, goals, promotion, self-esteem, centeredness, karma.
  • Magical Uses: For money, business, promotion, finding a job, achieving a goal, starting new enterprises.

    GEBO: Gift

  • Divinatory Meanings: Gift, offering, relationship, love, marriage, partnership, generosity, unexpected good fortune
  • Magical Uses: To find or strengthen a relationship, for fertility, to mark a gift or offering, to bring luck.
  • Gebo is a rune of connection, particularly between people. Up until now our journey has been a solitary one. Represents places where our path intersects with others and allows us to begin to form conscious relationships.

    HAGALAZ: Hail

  • Divinatory Meanings: Sudden loss, ordeal, destruction, disaster, clearance, testing, karmic lesson, drastic change.
  • Magical Uses: Removing unwanted influences, breaking destructive patterns.

    INGWAZ/INGUZ: Fertility

  • Divinatory Meanings: Work, productivity, new beginnings, bounty, groundedness, balance, connection with the land..
  • Magical Uses: Fertility, farming, growth, general health, balance.

    ISA: Ice

  • Divinatory Meanings: Inactivity, blockage, initiation, stagnation, potential, patience, reflection, withdrawal, rest.
  • Magical Uses: To stop a process, to represent primal form

    JERA: Year, Harvest

  • Divinatory Meanings: Change, cycle turning, fruition, reward, motion, productivity, inevitable development.
  • Magical Uses: To bring change, for fertility and growth.

    KANO/KENAZ: Torch

  • Divinatory Meanings: Wisdom, insight, opening, solution to a problem, creativity, inspiration, enlightenment..
  • Magical Uses: For creative inspiration, aid in study, dispelling anxiety and fear.
  • In modern usage, the Scottish 'ken' means to know or understand and this is the sense in which the rune should be interpreted.

    LAGUZ: Water

  • Divinatory Meanings: Emotions, fears, life, energy, unconscious mind, things hidden, revelation, intuition, counseling.
  • Magical Uses: Enhancing psychic abilities, confronting fears, stabilizing mental or emotional disorders, uncovering hidden things.

    MANNAZ: Man, Humankind

  • Divinatory Meanings: Significator, self, brotherhood, family, community, relationships, social concerns.
  • Magical Uses: To represent a specific person or group of people, to establish social relationships.

    NAUTHIZ/NAUPIZ: Need, necessity

  • Divinatory Meanings: Poverty, hardship, responsibility, discontent, obstacle, frustration.
  • Magical Uses: To represent a need to be filled.

    ODIN: Unknown

  • Divinatory Meanings: the non-knowable nature, the black hole of knowledge, zero by anything is still zero and it sometimes represents the darkest fears of us because it represents the nothingness we may come from and may return to.
  • Magical Uses: Use meditation on this concept to confront your darkest fears of our reality.

    OTHILA: Property

  • Divinatory Meanings: Property, land, acquisition, benefits, inheritance, home, permanence, legacy, sense of belonging.
  • Magical Uses: For acquiring land or property, to complete a project, to strengthen family ties

    PERTHRO: Things Unexplainable

  • Divinatory Meanings: Rebirth, mystery, magic, divination, fertility, sexuality, new beginning, prophecy
  • Magical Uses: Fertility, easing childbirth, to aid in divination and magic, enhancing psychic abilities.

    RAIDO: Journey

  • Divinatory Meanings: Journey, communication, pilgrimage, change, destiny, quest, progress, life lessons.
  • Magical Uses: Protection for travelers, to ease or bring about change, to reconnect.

    SOWELO/SOWULO: Sun

  • Divinatory Meanings: Protection, assistance, life goal, victory, success, defense, warning, support, a mentor, an ethical dilemma.
  • Magical Uses: For protection.

    TEIWAZ: Tyr

  • Divinatory Meanings: Duty, discipline, balance, power, responsibility, self-sacrifice, conflict, strength, a wound, physicality, the warrior path
  • Magical Uses: Protection, victory, strength, strengthening the will, healing a wound.

    THURISAZ/PURISAZ: Giant

  • Divinatory Meanings: Hardship, painful event, discipline, knowledge, introspection, focus
  • Magical Uses: Aid in study and meditation, self-discipline, clearing out a bad situation.

    URUZ: Aurochs

  • Divinatory Meanings: Energy, growth, strength, passion, vitality, instinct, wildness, sexuality, fertility, the unconscious, primitive mind, irrationality, shamanic experience, rite of passage.
  • Magical Uses: To strengthen the will, increase sexual potency and energy.

    WUNJO: Glory

  • Divinatory Meanings: Success, recognition of achievements, rewards, joy, bliss, achievement of goals, contentment.
  • Magical Uses: For success in any endeavor, to motivate, to complete a task.
  • The last rune of the first aett, and thus represents both the end of one cycle and preparation for the next. It is a very positive, stable rune and is another place where people tend to get stalled along their journey. Like the wealth of Fehu, the glory of Wunjo is only an illusion. We have achieved success on one level only and there are many more lessons to be learned.

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    T

    Tetragrammation



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    1. Heath, Maya.
    Handbook of Incense,Oils and Candles. Merlyn Press, 1996.

    2. Jase P. Wells, Rainbow Icon Archive, Copyright 1996-2000

    3.

    4. Guiley, Rosemary Ellen.
    The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft.
    New York: Facts On File, 1989.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8.

    9. Guiley, Rosemary Ellen.
    Harper's Encyclopedia of Mystical and Paranormal Experience.
    New York: Harper Collins, 1991.

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